Albert Einstein
- Born:
- March 14, 1879, Ulm, Württemberg, Germany
- Died:
- April 18, 1955, Princeton, New Jersey, United States
- Nationality:
- German (1879–1896), Stateless (1896–1901), Swiss (1901–1955), German (1914–1918), American (1940–1955)
- Profession(s):
- Theoretical Physicist
Early Life and Education
- Einstein showed an early interest in mathematics and physics, teaching himself algebra and Euclidean geometry over the summer at age twelve.
- He renounced his German citizenship at age 16 to avoid military service.
- He attended the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in Zurich, Switzerland, and graduated in 1900.
- He received a Ph.D. from the University of Zurich in 1905.
Career and Major Achievements
- 1905, often referred to as his annus mirabilis (miracle year), he published four groundbreaking papers on:
- The photoelectric effect
- Brownian motion
- Special relativity
- Mass-energy equivalence (E=mc²)
- Developed the theory of General Relativity (1915), a revolutionary theory of gravity.
- Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
- Worked at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, from 1933 until his death.
Notable Works
- "On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light" (1905)
- "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" (1905)
- "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy-Content?" (1905)
- "Investigations on the Theory of the Brownian Movement" (1905)
- "The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity" (1916)
Legacy and Impact
Albert Einstein is widely regarded as one of the most influential scientists of the 20th century and one of the greatest physicists of all time. His theories revolutionized our understanding of space, time, gravity, and the universe. His work continues to influence scientific research today.
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