Albert Einstein
- Born:
- March 14, 1879, Ulm, Württemberg, German Empire
- Died:
- April 18, 1955, Princeton, New Jersey, United States
- Nationality:
- German (1879–1896), Stateless (1896–1901), Swiss (1901–1955), American (1940–1955)
- Profession(s):
- Theoretical Physicist
Early Life and Education
- Born in Ulm, Germany, to Hermann Einstein and Pauline Koch.
- Received early education in Munich, Germany.
- Renounced German citizenship in 1896.
- Attended the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in Zurich, Switzerland, graduating in 1900.
Career and Major Achievements
- Worked as a patent clerk in Bern, Switzerland (1902-1909).
- Published groundbreaking papers in 1905, often referred to as his "annus mirabilis" (miracle year).
- Developed the theory of special relativity.
- Developed the theory of general relativity.
- Received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
- Played a crucial role in the development of the atomic bomb through his letter to President Roosevelt in 1939, alerting him to the potential for Germany to develop such weapons (although he later regretted this).
- Worked at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, from 1933 until his death.
Notable Works
- On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies (1905) - Special Relativity
- Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content? (1905) - E=mc²
- On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light (1905) - Photoelectric Effect
- The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity (1916)
- Cosmological Considerations in the General Theory of Relativity (1917)
Legacy and Impact
Albert Einstein is widely regarded as one of the most influential and important scientists of the 20th century. His theories of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space, time, gravity, and the universe. His work continues to shape modern physics and cosmology.
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